General Introduction to
Jin Kui Yao Lue&
Discussion on
Syndromes of Bentun &
Zangzao
Lectured
by Prof.
Engin CAN/Enqin Zhang
E-mail:
prof.engincan@yahoo.com.tr
(The handout was for TCM postgraduates of Middlesex
University)
Lecturing Date: 26/11/07
Time:
9.30am-11.30am
Address: Class Room P 7, the Middlesex University Enfield Campus
1.
General Introduction to
Jin Kui Yao Lun
As I mentioned in the last
lecture on Shanghan Lun,
Jin Kui Yao Lue,
often translating into “Synopsis of
Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber” in English, or “Synopsis
of the Golden Chamber” for short, is another part of
Shanghan Za Bing Lun mostly
translated “Treatise
on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases”, written by the outstanding physician
Zhang Zhongjing (Zhang Ji) in the East Han Dynasty.
It is worth knowing that one
of the Jin Kui
Yao Lue’ s
contributions to TCM is that
it developed the aetiology of Huangdi
Neijing (“Yellow Emperor ‘s Canon of Internal Medicine”). Dr.
Zhang Zhongjing in the
Jin Kui Yao Lue
proposed that ‘it is almost always due to the 3 causes that people perish
from various diseases though there are hundreds of thousands of diseases’:
(1)
Internal factor:
pathogens spread along the meridians to the
Zang and
Fu.
(2)
External factor:
pathogens break through the surface of the skin and then invade the interior
(eventually the pathogens cause blockage of the blood and
qi in the 4 limbs and nine
cavities).
(3) Non-internal-non-external
factors:
Sexual abuse, knife wounds, animal or insect bites.
All diseases fall into one of
these categories without exception.
千般
疢难，不
越三条：一者，经络受邪，
入脏腑，为内所因也。二者，四肢
九窍，血脉相传，壅
塞不通，为外皮肤所伤也。三者，房室，金刃，虫兽所伤。以此详之，病由都尽。
This theory has laid a
preliminary foundation of TCM aetiology and influenced the later
developments of aetiology and pathology of TCM.
The
Jin Kui Yao Lue is
divided into 25 chapters
according to types of diseases, discussing characteristics of aetiology,
pathology, diagnosis and treatments of
more than 40 kinds of diseases. It also deals with
262 prescriptions and methods for
differentiating diseases according to pathological changes of
Zang and
Fu and their interrelations. Because of time limits, today we
just discuss Chapter 8 & some clauses in Chapter 22 of
Jin Kui Yao Lue.
2. Chapter 8 on Pulse,
Symptoms and Treatment of Bentun
Syndrome
奔豚气病脉证
治第八
Section One: The Cause of
Bentun
The original text of
Jin Kui Yao Lue
Clause 8-1:
The master said, “There
are four kinds of diseases, namely
Bentun, Vomiting of pus, Panic, and Fire-pathogen syndrome, all
of the above are caused by fright.
师曰：病
有奔豚，有
吐
脓，有惊
怖，有火邪，皆
从惊发
得之。
Notes:
1.
Bentun,
or called Bentunqi:
In Chinese, “Ben”, means
running; “tun, means pig; “qi”
means gas. The Bentun is the
syndrome characterized by a feeling of gas rushing up through the thorax to
the throat from the lower abdomen. At the onset, pain may be also felt in
the lower abdomen suggesting the presence of compressed gas. The patient
then feels the gas ascending to the chest and finally to the throat. Some
patient may experience great pain. After 2 minutes-2 hours or even more, the
syndrome diminishes and finally subsides, however it may reoccur again in
future.
2.
The
original text of
Jin Kui Yao Lue says
that Bentun
is caused by fright. According
to TCM theory, this is because the kidney is hurt mostly by fright. If
Bentun
originates from a kidney disorder, when the vital energy of the kidney is
disturbed, it ascends to the thorax and throat, like a pig running within
the body. Additionally, liver disorders can also cause
Bentun.
Since both the kidney and liver are located in the lower portion of the body
cavity, when their vital energy is disturbed, it tends to rush upward.
3.
This clause mainly discusses the
aetiology of
Bentun. It also mentioned other syndromes, such as vomiting
of pus, panic and fire-pathogen syndrome, which we may discuss another time.
Section Two: Manifestations
of Bentun
syndrome
The original text of
Jin Kui Yao Lue:
Clause 8-2:
The master said, “Bentun
syndrome starts from the lower abdomen, and rushes upward the chest and
throat. The attack is very serious, and causes the patient unbearable
suffering with a feeling that she might die. Fortunately, the symptoms will
gradually reduce and subside. The cause of this syndrome is due to fright
and terror”.
师曰：奔豚病从少腹起，上从胸咽，发作欲死，复还止，皆从惊恐得之。
Notes
1.
This text describes the manifestations
of Bentun,
from the onset, development and all the details of symptoms and causes. We
have to remember this text exactly.
2.
Some TCM scholars believe that the
Bentun
is mostly related to the heart, liver, and kidney, while the mechanism of
ascent is related to the Chong Meridian. The Chong Meridian is one of the
Eight Extra Meridians. It originates in the pelvis (uterus) and run upwards
along the interior of the vertebrae. It also begins from the sides of the
genitalia and passes by both sides of umbilicus, ending in the chest. When
this meridian is diseased, such symptoms of
Bentun
may occur.
Section Three: Symptoms and
Treatment of
Bentun syndrome due to stagnation of the liver-qi.
The
original texts of
Jin Kui Yao Lue:
The
Bentun syndrome, manifests as a
feeling of qi –rushing toward
to the chest, abdominal pain, alternating chills and fever, and should be
chiefly treated by Bentun Tang/Decoction
for Bentun syndrome.
奔豚气上冲胸，腹痛，往来寒热，奔豚汤主之。
Bentun Tang/Decoction
for Bentun
奔豚汤方：
Ingredients:
干草Gancao/Radix
Glycyrrhizae 2 Liang/6 g
川芎Xiongqiong/Chuangxiong
/Rhizoma Ligustici Chuangxiong2 Liang/9g
当归Danggui/
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 2 Liang/9g
半夏Banxia
/ Rhizoma Pinelliae 4 Liang/12g
黄芩Huangqin
/Radix Scutellariae 2 Liang/9g
葛根Shengge/
Gegen/ Radix Puerariae 5 Liang/15g
芍药Shaoyao/
Radix Paeoniae 2 Liang/ 9g
生姜Shengjiang/
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recent 4 Liang/12g
甘李根白皮Ganligenbaipi
/ Cortex Prunus Armeniacae 1 Sheng/9g
Note: Today’s dosages of the
recipes are mostly according to the
Converting the Dosage in the East Han Dynasty into Today’s Dosage
(see the table in the appendix attached) as well as our own experience.
Administration:
All the 9 herbs should be decocted in water about 2
Dou (4,000ml) in the pot, until
reduced to 5 Sheng (1,000ml).
Filter the decoction for oral use, drink 1
Sheng (200ml) each time, 3 times
a day, and also drink once at night.
上九味，以水两斗，煮取五升，温服一
升，日三服，夜一服.
Actions:
Nourishing blood and calming the liver, regulating the stomach and
descending qi.
Explanation:
This recipe is mostly
effective for the
Bentun syndrome caused by pathogenic fire which
originates with an abnormal accumulation of the liver-qi.
In the recipe,
甘李根白皮/Gan
ligenbaipi, another name “李根白皮/
Ligenpi” /Cortex Prunus
Armeniacae is a special herb for
Bentun syndrome.
Other herbs,
葛根Gegen/Radix
Puerariae and
黄芩/Huangqin/
Radix Scutellariae clear away fire and
calm the liver;
芍
药/Shaoyao/
Radix Paeoniae and
甘草
/ Gancao
can relieve pain and other symptoms of
Bentun syndrome;
生姜/Shengjiang
/Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens,
半
夏
/Banxia
/Rhizoma Pinelliae as well as
甘李根白皮/
Ganligenbaipi /Cortex Prunus
Armeniacae can regulate the stomach and
reverse the abnormal ascending qi.
当归/Danggui
/Radix Angelicae Sinensis and
川芎/Chuanxiong
/ Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong can
nourish blood and regulate the liver-qi.
All herbs work together to form a compound recipe
for the
Bentun syndrome due to the stagnation of the liver-qi.
Clinical application and case
studies:
1.
Mr Shi, a young man, was gambling in a
den when police came to catch the gamblers. Shi escaped by jumping the
courtyard wall. A few days later, he began to have chills and fever, and gas
rushing from the lower abdomen. When attacked, he had so much pain and even
he didn’t recognize people around him. The decoction for regulating
qi and relieving pain were
given, but didn’t help. After that, 3 large doses of
Bentun Tang
/Decoction for
Bentun were prescribed, as a result the patient recovered.
(See Case Record in Collection of Case Studies of Doctors in Hubei
Province-64-288).
2.
Ms. Li, 64 years old. One year earlier
her grandson was drowned. The sadness made her restless and irritable and
apt to lose her temper. She had dreams and insomnia.
Bentun
syndrome occurred: first, pain in the lower abdomen with a growing hard
mass, bringing with it an ascending gas rushing to the throat, vertigo,
dimness of vision, and feeling of suffocation. This lasted about half an
hour and subsided gradually. It attacked 2-3 times a week. Tongue was
covered with thin, yellow fur, pulse was tight
and slightly speedy. Diagnosis:
Bentun
syndrome caused by emotional stimulation that induced the stagnation of
liver-qi.
Bentun Tang
/Decoction for
Bentun had been adopted. The decoction (with alterations
every time) was given for a month. 39 doses were given before the syndrome
was gone. And then 10 doses were finally served to complete the
treatment.(See the Case Recorded in Journal of Zhejiang College of TCM,
1:7,1982)
3.
My own experience in Malaysia. I met a
patient Mrs. Koo with
Bentun
syndrome for 2 years when I worked there in 1999. She often experienced
typical symptoms: feeling a gas rushing from her lower abdomen to the chest
and throat, she felt she might die. She doesn’t like the bitter taste of
herbal medicine, so I had to give her the
suggestion/hint therapy plus acupuncture.
The points are Taichong (Liv 3), Fenglong (S 40), Guilai (St 29), Zhongwan
(Ren12), Baihui (Du 20), Waiguan (SJ 5), etc, 3 times a week. 2 week later
she got well. From this case we can say that Bentun can also be treated by
suggestion/hint therapy and acupuncture.
Section Four: Symptoms and
Treatment of
Bentun syndrome due to
cold adverse ascent -qi.
The original text
of Jin
Kui Yao Lue:
After adopting a diaphoretic,
warming needle was used for further perspiration. If locus of puncture hole
is left unprotected and comes into contact with cold, it will turn red and
swell. An impulsive feeling will rise from the lower abdomen to the chest
resulting in a Bentun
syndrome. The treatment of this condition should be to apply a moxibustion
cone on each locus and Guizhi
Plus Guizhi Tang/Decoction of Cinnamon
Twig Plus Cinnamon Twig will be given.
发汗后，烧针令其汗，针处
被寒，
核起
而赤者，必发奔豚，气
从少腹上至
心，灸
其
核上
各一
壮，与桂枝加桂枝汤主之。
Note: This clause also
appears in Clause 117 of
Shanghan Lun.
Recipe:
Guizhi
Plus Guizhi Tang/Decoction
of Cinnamon Twig Plus Cinnamon Twig
桂枝加桂枝汤
方
Ingredients:
桂枝
/Guizhi/
Ramulus Cinnamomi 5 Liang/15g
芍药/
Shaoyao
/ Radix Paeoniae 3 Liang/9g
甘草/
Zhigancao/
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparatae 2 Liang/6g
生姜/
Shengjiang
/Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 3 Liang
/9g
大枣/
Dazao/
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 12 Pcs
Administration:
Decoct the above 5 herbs in 7 Sheng
(1,400ml) of water on a slow fire until 3
Sheng (600 ml) remains; discard
the dregs. One Sheng (200 ml)
is taken orally when it is warm.
上五
味
，
以
水7
升，微火
煮
取3
升，
去渣，
温服一升。
Actions:
Warming yang and reversing
the adverse ascending qi.
Explanation:
桂枝Guizhi
/ Ramulus Cinnamomi has the function of
dispersing the cold and reversing the adverse ascent gas.
白芍/Baishao
/ Radix Paeoniae can ease abdominal pain.
生姜/Shengjiang/
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and
大枣Dazao/Fructus
Ziziphi Jujubae can regulate the stomach and reverse the adverse ascending
qi.
炙甘草Zhigancao/
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparatae can coordinate all the ingredients in the
recipe. This recipe can be used for treatment of
Bentun
syndrome of cold type, whether or not it is induced by use of warming the
needle.
Section 5：Symptoms
and treatment of coming
Bentun
syndrome due to Water-retention
The original text of
Jin Kui Yao Lue
After adopting a diaphoretic, a
jumping feeling or palpitation, resembling a baby pig running, is sensed
below the umbilicus. This can be diagnosed as the coming
Bentun syndrome. The
Fuling, Guizhi, Gancao, and Dazao Tang /
Decoction of Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice and Chinese Dates
can be chosen.
发汗后，脐下
悸
者，
欲作奔豚，茯苓桂枝
甘草大枣汤主之。
Note: The above clause also
appears in Clause 65 of Shanghan Lun.
Recipe:
Fuling Guizhi Gancao
and Dazao Tang/
Decoction of Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice
and Chinese Dates
茯苓桂枝甘草大枣汤方
Actions:
Warming yang and reversing
the adverse ascending qi, and
promoting the circulation of qi
to remove the water out from the body.
Ingredients:
茯苓
Fuling
/Poria ,half Jin/15g
甘草
Gancao/
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparatae 2 Liang/6g
大枣
Dazao/
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 15 Pcs
桂枝Guizhi/
Ramulus Cinnamomi 4 Liang
/12g
Administration:
Decoct Fuling
/Poria in 10 Sheng (2,000ml)
of Ganlanshui/aerated
water until the volume is reduced by 2
Sheng (400ml) ; and then add the other ingredients and decoct
them together until 3 Sheng(600ml)
remains. Discard the dregs, one Sheng
(200ml) warmed is taken orally each time, 3 times a day.
上四味，以甘兰水一斗，先煮茯苓，减二升，纳诸药，煮取三升，去渣，温服一升，
日三服。
Note:
Ganlanshui/
aerated water: Place 2 Dou
(2,000ml) of water in a
basin. With a spoon, drip the water repeatedly into the basin until it
appears that 5,000-6,000 drops of dew are moving on the surface, this is the
Ganlanshui/
aerated water.
Explanation:
This recipe is for the coming
Bentun
syndrome due to water-retention.
The mechanism of the
syndrome is as follow: When a diaphoretic is adopted for a patient with
water-retention at the lower portion of the body cavity, the heart-yang
is damaged and becomes too deficient to control the water circulation. As
result, the retention water starts to move in the interior, which can be
felt a jumping or palpitation taking place below the umbilicus which is
likely to ascend.
The above decoction is
adopted to tonify the yang
and promote water circulation. Thus the ascending tendency is eliminated.
Clinical application and case
studies:
1.
Bentun
syndrome: Dr Liu Deshan reported:-
Ms Yu, 40 years old, and overweight. Her son had a criminal record which she
dwells upon. This manifests as restlessness, poor appetite, and she has
begun feeling gas from her lower abdomen rushing to her back, then abdomen
and throat, 1-2 times a day. Each attack lasts 2 minutes at beginning; but
increases to half an hour, and is also accompanied by pale face, cold limbs,
no perspiration, white thin fur of the tongue, but the root is a bit greasy,
vary and thready pulse . The
Fuling Guizhi Gancao and
Dazao Tang/ Decoction of Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice and
Chinese Dates plus
Huanglian
/Coptis Root 10g,
Rougui / Cinnamon Bark 2g were given, after 3 doses, the
patient felt better, but the problem still occurred from time to time.
Juhe
/Orange Kernel 6g and
Xiangfu /Cyperus
Tube 10g were then added to the above recipe, and she continued to take 2
doses. The patient subsequently recovered.
2.
Dr Ren Yingqiou used the recipe to
treat a patient with hysteria. Ms. Lee was 40 years old. She suffered
convulsions several time a day. At the same time the patient felt gas
rushing from her lower abdomen to her throat .Western doctors gave her some
tranquilizing medicines which did not help. Dr Ren Yingqiou prescribes the
following recipe:
Guizhi /Cinnamon Twig 9g,
Zhigancao
/Prepared Licorice Root 9g,
Dazao
/Chinese Dates9g,
Chaojiangcan / Batryticated Silkworm 9g,
Tianmendong
/ 9g, Maimendong
/Ophiopogon Root 9g,
Longgu /
Dragon’s Bone
9g,
Fuling /Poria
12g, Muli
/Oyster Shell 12g,
Baihe /
Lily Bulb15g,
Shanyao /Chinese Yam 30g,Quanxie
/Scorpion ( grind into powder) 2g,
Baohe Wan
/Lenitive Pills (draped ) 18g. After taking 7 doses, all the symptoms
disappeared. See Research in Prescriptions of TCM.
3. Chapter 22 On Pulse,
Syndrome and Treatment of Miscellaneous Gynecological Diseases
妇人
杂病脉证并治第二十二
There are 22 Clauses in
Chapter 22. We can only discuss some of them because of time restraints.
The original text of
Jin Kui Yao Lue
Clause 22-1:
A female with
Zhongfeng for 7-8 days. Recently
she has regularly experienced alternating attacks of chills and fever,
interrupting her menses. This condition can be diagnosed as
Re Ru Xue Shi (Heat invades
Blood Cavity) which can lead to blood stasis and as a result produce
malarial type symptoms. Xiao Chaihu Tang
/Minor Bupleurum Decoction can be used for this case.
妇人中风7-8
日，续来寒热，发作有时，经水适断，此为热如血室，
其血必
结，故
使如
疟
状，
发作有时，
小柴胡汤主之。
Notes:
Xue Shi/
the Blood Cavity: In TCM theory, the concept of
Xue Shi
has several meanings. These are summarised below:
1)
Liver, as the liver stores blood;
2)
Chong Meridian, or the Conception
Channel, as it is the sea of blood;
3)
Womb, as menstruation flows from the
womb.
The original text of
Jin Kui Yao Lue
Clause 22-5:
For a woman who feels as if a piece of broiled meat stuck in her throat,
Banxia Houpu Tang /Decoction of Pinnellia Tube and Magnolia Bark
can be used.
妇人咽中
如有炙肉，半夏厚朴汤主之。
Notes:
In TCM today, we usually
name the above syndrome as ‘Meihe
Qi’ (Plum pit suffocation syndrome /Globus hystericus), a
subjective sensation as if a plum pit is stuck in the throat or as if the
throat is compressed.
Recipe:
Banxia Houpu Tang/Decoction
of Pinnellia Tube and Magnolia Bark
半夏厚朴汤
Ingredients:
半夏Banxia/
Rhizoma Pinelliae 1 Sheng/ 9g
厚朴/Houpu
/ Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 3 Liang9g
茯苓/Fuling
/ Poria 4 Liang12g
生姜Shengjiang/
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 5 Liang/9g
干苏叶Gansuye
/ Folium Perillae 2 Liang/6g
Administration: Decoct the
above 5 herbs in 7 Sheng
(1,400ml) of water until 4 Sheng
(800ml) remains. Then divide the decoction into 4 portions. Drink
warmed. Drink one portion each time, 3 times during the day; and also once
at night.
上
五
味
，
以水7
升，
煮取四升，
分温
四服，
日三，
夜一服。
Clinical application and case
studies:
Ms. Zhang, 52, first
treatment on April 10, 1963. The patient felt something stuck in her throat
which was diagnosed as
Meihe Qi/globus
hystericus. She suffered from abdominal distension and had a feeling of gas
rushing to the throat. Constipation was also one of her symptoms and
passing flatus made the patient feel better. The tongue was covered with
thin and greasy fur and the Pulse was deep and tight.
The prescription：
Banxia/Rhizoma
Pinelliae (prepared with ginger) 9 g
Chenpi/Fructus
Aurantii Immaturus Praeparatae 9g
Chaolaifuzi/Semen
Raphani Praeparatae 9g
Gualou/Fructus
Trichosanthis 12g
Suzi/
Fructus Perillae 4.5g
Fuling/Poria
9g
Houpu/
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 3g
Gancao/Radix
Glycyrrhizae 1.5g
2 doses of the above
decoction were served. After 2 more doses, the patient called on April 12th
and 15th and had a complete recovery.
Clause 22- 6:
A women with Zang Zao
(hysteria) tends to grieve and cry as if she were haunted. She frequently
stretches and yawns repeatedly. Gan Mai
Da Zao Tang / Decoction of Licorice, Wheat and Chinese Dates
can be used for this case.
妇人
脏躁，
喜悲伤
欲哭，
象如神灵所做，数欠伸，
甘麦大
枣汤主之。
Recipe:
Gan Mai Dazao Tang/Decoction
of Licorice, Wheat and Chinese Dates
Ingredients
甘草Gancao
/Radix Glycyrrhizae 3 Liang/9g
浮小麦Fuxiaomai/
Fructus Tritici Levis 1 Sheng/30g
大枣Dazao/
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 10 Pcs
Decoct the above 3 herbs in
6 Sheng (1200ml) of water
until 3 Sheng (600ml)
remains. Then divide the decoction into 3 portions; one portion is taken
orally when it is warm, 3 times a day. It can also tonify the spleen-qi.
上三味，以水6
升，
煮取三升，温分3服。
亦补脾气。
Notes: This recipe is
effective in treating syndrome of
Zangzao
(hysteria), which results from emotional depression and excessive worry.
Symptoms and signs may include restless, irritability, insomnia and
constipation. To strengthen the action of the recipe, we may add more herbs,
such as Danggui/
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 12g,
Baishao/
Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g,
Fuling/Poria
9g, Suanzaoren/Semen
Ziziphi Spinosae 15g, etc.
Clinical application and case
studies:
Case 1, Hysteria mania:
Case Recorded in Journal of TCM, Vol .2 1960. The journal reported treatment
of 25 cases of hysteria mania.
The recipe:
Fuxiaomai/Light
Wheat/Fructus Tritici Levis,
Gancao/
Licorice/Radix Glycyrrhizae,
Dazao
/Chinese Dates/ Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae.
The results were as follows:
Total 25 cases
22 cases were cured
2 cases had marked progress
1 case had improved
But 2 cases among them had a
recurrence
Case 2 Hysteria: Case
Recorded in Collection of Dr Yue Meizhong’s Case Studies. Dr Yue once
treated a man of 30 in Heze County Hospital, Shandong Province, P.R.China.
The patient suffered from a mental disorder and wept and laughed
unreasonably. The Decoction
Gan Mai Dazao Tang
/Decoction of Licorice, Light Wheat and Chinese Dates was prescribed,
Gancao /
Radix Glycyrrhizae 9g,
Fuxiaomai/
Fructus Tritici Levis 9 g, Dazao
/Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 6pcs. 7 doses of the decoction worked effectively.
In the following 3 years, there was no recurrence.
Note:
Hysteria:
The term “hysteria” was first used in Greece in the 5th century
BC by Hippocratic doctors. They trying to explain an illness whose symptoms
were breathing difficulties and sense of suffocation and whose suffers were
seen chiefly to be recently bereaved widows. The explanation was thought to
be a wandering womb putting pressure on other organs.
Modern research:
Japanese Dr
保田和美
(Yasuda Kazumi) said the decoction of this recipe
has the function to extend the mouse’s sleeping time and also reduce its
activities after feeding the decoction for 3-4 days. See the book, Research
in Classical Prescriptions of TCM.
Appendix:
Converting
the Dosage in the Eastern Han Dynasty
into Today’s Dosage
|
The Eastern Han Dynasty
(25-220
AD) |
The Present Day: |
|
1 Zhu |
0.58g |
|
1 Liang
(=24 Zhu) |
13.29g |
|
1 Jin (=16
Liang) |
222.72g |
|
1 Fangcunbi |
3.125g for herbs, 6.2g for minerals |
|
1 Qianbi
(a heaped coin’s worth) |
2.0g for herbs, 4.0g for minerals |
|
1 Ge (Ten
spoons’ worth) |
19.81ml |
|
1 Sheng (=10
Ge) |
198.1ml |
|
1 Dou (=10
Sheng) |
1981ml |
|
1 Chi |
23.04cm |
Notes:
1. The
above converting table is elected from the book “Research in Classical
Prescriptions of TCM” by Prof Engin CAN/Enqin Zhang, published by Yellow
River Press in 1989).
2. In
the East Han Dynasty, the weights and measures for herbal medicine in the
terms of “zhu”,
“liang”
and “jin”
are accounted as half of the official measurements at the time.
3.
Commonly used and Simplified Convertion:
1
Liang in the Han Dynasty=1
Qian/ 3g Today
4.About
author-Prof. Enqin Zhang (Engin
CAN): Prof. Enqin Zhang (Engin CAN) graduated from Shandong University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in 1982 with post-graduate dip., Master
of Medicine and later also got his MD and Professorship from 4
international and Chinese universities and institutes. He was the chief
editor& author of Book “Research in Classical Prescriptions of TCM”,
published by Yellow River Press in July, 1989 as well as TCM series ‘A
Practical English-Chinese Library of TCM’, composed of 14 books, the first
English-Chinese TCM textbooks in the world, published by Shanghai TCM
University Press in 1990, has been distributed to more than 66 countries.
Now he is lecturing and practicing at the Asante Academy of Chinese Medicine
for Middlesex University, London, UK; He also acts an academic advisor to
Huaihua Red Cross Hospital as well as the professor (specially invited) of
Huaihua Medical College, Laiyang TCM College and other international
alternative medicine universities. He is very good at treating
headache/migraine, obesity, insomnia, stress, poor memory, neck or back
pains/cervical spondylopathy, lumbar spondylopathy, osteoarthritis,
cough/bronchitis, asthma, stomach problems/gastritis, ulcer, irregular
menstruation, menoxenia, dysmenorrhea, leukorrhagia, hypogalactia, urinary
infection, enuresis, hair loss, quit smoking, and cancer patient’s support
as well as many difficult conditions. His today’s working address: The
Asante Academy of Chinese Medicine, Clerkenwell Building, The Middlesex
University Archway Campus, 2-10 Highgate Hill, London, N19 5LW.E-amil:prof.engincan@yahoo.com.tr
For information, please check Google-the key word: Dr
Enqin Zhang (Engin CAN) ;Or ring on 078 0470 9475(Available only on Saturday
at any time)
References
1.
Synopsis of the Golden Chamber with 33
Cases/
金贵要略,
by Prof Luo Xiwen, published by New World Press in 1995.
2.
Chinese –English Textbook –Synopsis of
Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber/英汉对照金贵要略方论,
by Prof Ruan Jiyuan and Zhang Guangji (chief editor and author).
3.
Research in Classical Prescriptions of
TCM/经方研究,
By Prof Enqin Zhang (Engin CAN), the chief editor&author, published by
Yellow River Press in July, 1989.
